New insights into the cellular activities of Fndc5/Irisin and its signaling pathways

New Insights into Reelin-Mediated Signaling Pathways

Reelin, a multifunctional extracellular protein that is important for mammalian brain development and function, is secreted by different cell types in the prenatal or postnatal brain. The spatiotemporal regulation of Reelin expression and distribution during development relates to its multifaceted function in the brain. Prenatally Reelin controls neuronal radial migration and proper positioning...

New insights into signaling pathways of salicylate and metalloporphyrins

The roles of EPIYA sequence to perturb the cellular signaling pathways and cancer risk

Abstract It was shown that several pathogenic bacterial effector proteins contain the Glu-Pro-Ile-Tyr-Ala (EPIYA) or a similar sequence. These bacterial EPIYA effectors are delivered into host cell via type III or IV secretion system, where they undergo tyrosine phosphorylation at the EPIYA sequences, which triggers interaction with multiple host cell SH2 domain-containing proteins and thereby...

New Insights into Glomerular Parietal Epithelial Cell Activation and Its Signaling Pathways in Glomerular Diseases

The glomerular parietal epithelial cells (PECs) have aroused an increasing attention recently. The proliferation of PECs is the main feature of crescentic glomerulonephritis; besides that, in the past decade, PEC activation has been identified in several types of noninflammatory glomerulonephropathies, such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, diabetic glomerulopathy, and membranous nephropat...

TLR2 and TLR4 Signaling Pathways and Gastric Cancer: Insights from Transcriptomics and Sample Validation

Background: Pattern recognition receptors, especially toll-like receptors (TLRs), as the first line of defense for pathogen detection, were found to be associated with H.­ pylori infection and gastric cancer (GC). However, the expression levels of TLRs, i.e. TLR2 and TLR4, as the main receptors sensed by H.­ pylori, still remain largely ambiguous. We aimed to investigate the patterns of key tra...